赞比亚共和国是非洲中南部的一个内陆国家,大部分属于高原地区。北靠刚果民主共和国,东北邻坦桑尼亚,东面和马拉维接壤,东南和莫桑比克相连,南接津巴布韦、博茨瓦纳和纳米比亚,西面与安哥拉相邻。
赞比亚因赞比西河而得名,也是刚果河的发源地。著名的维多利亚大瀑布就位于这条河上,它也是世界七大自然奇观之一,是赞比亚的著名旅游胜地。卢安瓜河发源于赞比亚东北部山区,由东北向西南部穿过东方省全境,在赞比亚、莫桑比克和津巴布韦三国交界的边陲小镇——卢安瓜与赞比西河汇合后流入莫桑比克的卡堡拉巴萨湖。
赞比亚矿产资源非常丰富,尤其铜矿较为丰富,别称为铜矿之国。赞比亚是撒哈拉南部城市化程度较高的国家,一千万人口中约有一半的人口居住在城市内。相比周围各国,赞比亚有良好的基础设施和交通。
赞比亚是世界最不发达国家之一,然而在年人类发展指数报告中,赞比亚的人类发展指数已达“中”水平,意味着赞比亚已发展成一个发展中国家。赞比亚经济主要包括农业、矿业和服务业,其中以铜开采和冶炼为主体的矿业占重要地位。全国80%以上人口从事农业,产值约占国内生产总值的20%。
赞比亚旅游业有世界著名的维多利亚瀑布和19个国家级野生动物园,其中卡富埃国家公园占地面积最大。赞还辟有32个狩猎管理区。对旅游业的发展保持了相当的重视,基础设施不断加强,政府启动了对卡富埃国家公园及周边地区的开发,出台了一些支持政策,私营部门对旅游行业的投资不断增加。
赞比亚奉行不结盟和睦邻友好的对外政策,强调外交多元化,主张在相互尊重、互不干涉内政、平等互利的基础上同世界各国建立并发展友好合作关系;注重经济外交,把争取外援、吸引外资、促进经济发展作为外交工作的重点。
TheRepublicofZambiaisalandlockedcountryinsouth-centralAfrica,mostofwhichbelongstotheplateauregion.ItisborderedbytheDemocraticRepublicofCongotothenorth,Tanzaniatothenortheast,Malawitotheeast,Mozambiquetothesoutheast,Zimbabwe,BotswanaandNamibiatothesouth,andAngolatothewest.
ZambiaisnamedfortheZambeziRiver,thesourceoftheCongoRiver.LocatedontheriveristhefamousVictoriaFalls,oneoftheSevenNaturalWondersoftheWorldandapopulartouristattractioninZambia.LuangwaRiveroriginatesinthemountainsofnortheasternZambia,fromnortheasttosouthwestthroughtheentireterritoryoftheEasternProvince,inZambia,MozambiqueandZimbabwebordertownofLuangwaandZambeziRiverconfluenceafterflowingintoMozambiquesCaboLabasaLake.
Zambiaisrichinmineralresources,especiallycopper,andisalsoknownasthecountryofcopper.ZambiaisoneofthemoreurbanizedcountriessouthoftheSahara,withabouthalfofits10millionpeoplelivingincities.Comparedtothesurroundingcountries,Zambiahasgoodinfrastructureandtransportation.
Zambiaisoneoftheleastdevelopedcountriesintheworld.However,intheHumanDevelopmentIndexreport,theHumanDevelopmentIndexofZambiahasreachedthe"medium"level,whichmeansthatZambiahasdevelopedintoadevelopingcountry.TheZambianeconomymainlyconsistsofagriculture,miningandservices,ofwhichcopperminingandsmeltingasthemainbodyoftheminingindustryplaysanimportantrole.Morethan80percentofChinaspopulationisengagedinagriculture,anditsoutputvalueaccountsforabout20percentofthecountrysGDP.
Zambiantourismincludestheworld-famousVictoriaFallsand19nationalwildlifeparks,ofwhichtheKafueNationalParkoccupiesthelargestarea.Zampialsohas32gamemanagementareas.Consierableattentionhasbeenpaidtothedevelopmentoftourism,infrastructurehasbeenstrengthened,thegovernmenthasinitiatedthedevelopmentofKafueNationalParkandsurroundingareas,anumberofsupportivepolicieshavebeenintroduced,andprivatesectorinvestmentinthetourismsectorhasbeenincreasing.
Zambiapursuesaforeignpolicyofnon-alignmentandgood-neighborliness,emphasizesdiplomaticpluralismandstandsfortheestablishmentanddevelopmentoffriendlyrelationsandcooperationwithothercountriesonthebasisofmutualrespect,non-interferenceineachothersinternalaffairs,equalityandmutualbenefit.Chinaattachesgreatimportancetoeconomicdiplomacy,makingwinningforeignaid,attractingforeigncapitalandpromotingeconomicdevelopmentthefocalpointsofitsdiplomaticwork.
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资料来源:百科
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